Carbonic anhydrase IX: a regulator of pH and participant in carcinogenesis

Targeting carbonic anhydrase IX activity and expression.

Metastatic tumors are often hypoxic exhibiting a decrease in extracellular pH (~6.5) due to a metabolic transition described by the Warburg Effect. This shift in tumor cell metabolism alters the tumor milieu inducing tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell motility, invasiveness, and often resistance to common anti-cancer treatments; hence hindering treatment of aggressive cancers. As a re...

Carbonic anhydrase IX, a hypoxia-induced catalytic component of the pH regulating machinery in tumors

Acidic tissue microenvironment contributes to tumor progression via multiple effects including the activation of angiogenic factors and proteases, reduced cell-cell adhesion, increased migration and invasion, etc. In addition, intratumoral acidosis can influence the uptake of anticancer drugs and modulate the response of tumors to conventional therapy. Acidification of the tumor microenvironmen...

Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Adult and Pediatric Brain Tumors

Downregulation of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Promotes Col10a1 Expression in Chondrocytes

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX is a transmembrane isozyme of CAs that catalyzes reversible hydration of CO(2). While it is known that CA IX is distributed in human embryonic chondrocytes, its role in chondrocyte differentiation has not been reported. In the present study, we found that Car9 mRNA and CA IX were expressed in proliferating but not hypertrophic chondrocytes. Next, we examined the role ...

Role of the carbonic anhydrase IX in cell migration

Background: Hypoxia-induced CA IX contributes to pH control in tumor cells, and control of pH is important for cell migration. Result: CA IX increases migration through its catalytic domain and interacts with bicarbonate transporters in lamellipodia. Conclusion: CA IX is an active component of the molecular machinery that facilitates migration of tumor cells through pH regulation at the leading...